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Summary
Animal health economics is a relatively new discipline that has emerged during 1990s. Before that time the issue had been tackled in different disciplines e.g. agricultural economics, epidemiology, public health..etc. Animal health economics is a discipline, which does not belong to the core of veterinary science but is becoming more important aid to decision making on animal health interventions at various levels. It is concerned with quantification of economic impacts of the diseases, developing methods for optimizing decisions on animal health and determining the profitability of specific disease control and health management programme. This paper reviews the available literature on the subject. Some authors conceive animal health economics as a discipline that makes use of concepts, procedures and data to support the decision-making process. Others discussed the negative impacts of animal diseases and classified the effects of diseases into direct and indirect. Some argued that veterinarians, in sub-Saharan Africa, play multiple roles. Therefore, they are influenced by economic and social factors which imply additional knowledge.
Two types of modelling techniques are used in economic analysis of animal health: quantitative and qualitative analytical models. The choice of the appropriate technique depends on the problem to be modelled, the complexity of the systems involved, the capabilities of the model builder, the uses to which the model will be put and finally the available resources.
The review concluded that globalization as well as the high human population growth rate, particularly in developing countries, implies better allocations of resources.
Mal-allocation of resources in animal health sector will result in poor animal health, less competitive products, unattainable goals of food security and impairment of human welfare. Revision of the veterinary education in the Sudan to include socio-economic studies is recommended.
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